The rough longnose shark, Deania hystricosa, is a little-known deepwater dogfish.
Rough longnose dogfish have an extremely long snout, no anal fin, small grooved dorsal spines, and rough pitchfork-shaped dermal denticles. The first dorsal fin is long and narrow. Maximum length is 109 cm. Found in the Eastern Atlantic around Madeira and in the western Pacific around southern Japan. This shark is rarely seen but lives between 600 and 1,000 m. It is ovoviviparous with probably around 12 pups per litter. The longnose pygmy shark (Heteroscymnoides marleyi) is a rare species of dogfish shark in the family Dalatiidae and the only member its genus. It is known only from a handful of specimens collected from the cold oceanic waters of the Southern Hemisphere, between the surface and a depth of 502 m (1,647 ft). Reaching 37 cm (15 in) in length, this diminutive shark is characterized by a slender, dark brown body with a very long, bulbous snout. In addition, it has two spineless dorsal fins of nearly equal size, with the origin of the first lying over the pectoral fin bases. The longnose pygmy shark does not appear substantially threatened by fisheries, and has been assessed as Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN).
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